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medical aid funding industry south africa

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2022

Yasmin Mahomedy | South Africa | 31 October 2022

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2020

Rebecca Viljoen | South Africa | 10 November 2020

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2019

Carole Veitch | South Africa | 28 January 2019

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2016

Carole Veitch | South Africa | 11 April 2016

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2014

Carole Veitch | South Africa | 30 October 2014

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Report Coverage

This report on medical aid funding in South Africa includes information on the effects of the pandemic and recovery, membership and claims trends and the development of the NHI. There are profiles of 30 companies including the major government scheme GEMS and major private sector players such as Discovery, Momentum and Bonitas.

Medical Aid Funding in South Africa

South Africa has a two-tiered, and highly unequal, healthcare system, with most of the population being state-funded. While only 14.86% of the population can afford private healthcare sector, the high costs are making it increasingly difficult for some people to continue. Government plans to implement National Health Insurance (NHI) to fund healthcare in the public and private sectors, with most of the funding coming from general taxes and contributions of people earning above a set amount. The process, which began in August 2011, has been slow, and the NHI Bill is still under consideration in the National Assembly. The private sector has raised concerns about its affordability, and the state’s ability to implement it effectively and competently.

Key Issues

Rising and unregulated healthcare costs, an ageing population and the increase in non-communicable lifestyle diseases are key challenges. Average annual consumer prices for medical services and pharmaceuticals continue to increase ahead of inflation and premiums are high, making membership unaffordable for most South Africans. Fraud, waste, and abuse is a key issue in the industry, impacting around 22% of all claims. Fraudulent activity and abuse includes doctors and medical personnel colluding with members, submission of false claims, over-servicing or over-charging.

Trends

There has been a decrease in the number of registered medical schemes over the past two decades, mainly due to consolidation. Medical scheme membership, however, has increased. Claims declined in 2020 but increased in 2021 as members scheduled delayed elective surgeries. Changes are taking place in terms of attracting young members and low cost cover, online consultations and predictive and preventative care.

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The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2022

Full Report

R 9 500.00(ZAR) estimated $508.68 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 6 650.00(ZAR) estimated $ 356.07 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2020-11-10

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2019-01-28

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2016-04-11

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2014-10-30

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Industry Value Chain 4
2.2. Geographic Position 5
2.3. Size of the Industry 6
3. LOCAL 10
3.1. State of the Industry 10
3.2. Key Trends 16
3.3. Key Issues 17
3.4. Notable Players 18
3.5. Corporate Actions 22
3.6. Regulations 23
3.7. Enterprise Development and Social Development 24
4. AFRICA 25
5. INTERNATIONAL 27
6. INFLUENCING FACTORS 29
6.1. COVID-19 29
6.2. Economic Environment 31
6.3. Input Costs 33
6.4. Fraud, Waste, and Abuse 34
6.5. Labour 34
6.6. Environmental Issues 35
6.7. Technology, R&D, Innovation 36
6.8. Government Interventions 37
7. COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT 38
7.1. Competition 38
7.2. Ownership Structure of the Industry 41
7.3. Barriers to Entry 41
8. SWOT ANALYSIS 42
9. OUTLOOK 43
10. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 43
11. REFERENCES 43
11.1. Publications 43
11.2. Websites 44
APPENDIX 1 - SUMMARY OF NOTABLE PLAYERS 45
Major Open Medical Schemes 45
Major Restricted Medical Aids 46
Major Medical Fund Administrators 48
COMPANY PROFILES - MAJOR OPEN MEDICAL SCHEMES 49
Bestmed Medical Scheme 49
Bonitas Medical Fund 52
Discovery Health Medical Scheme 55
Fedhealth Medical Scheme 57
KeyHealth Medical Scheme 59
Medihelp Medical Scheme 61
Medshield Medical Scheme 63
Momentum Health 65
Sizwe Hosmed Medical Scheme 67
COMPANY PROFILES - MAJOR RESTRICTED MEDICAL AIDS 70
Anglo Medical Scheme 70
Bankmed Medical Scheme 72
Chartered Accountants Medical Aid Fund 74
Government Employees Medical Scheme 76
LA-Health Medical Scheme 79
Moto Health Care 81
Platinum Health Medical Scheme 83
Profmed Medical Scheme 85
SAMWU National Medical Scheme 87
Sasolmed Medical Scheme 89
South African Police Service Medical Scheme 90
Transmed Medical Fund 92
COMPANY PROFILES - MAJOR MEDICAL FUND ADMINISTRATORS 94
3Sixty Health (Pty) Ltd 94
Agility Holdings (RF) (Pty) Ltd 96
Discovery Health (Pty) Ltd 98
Medscheme Holdings (Pty) Ltd 101
Metropolitan Health Corporate (Pty) Ltd 104
Momentum Health Solutions (Pty) Ltd 106
Momentum Thebe Ya Bophelo (Pty) Ltd 108
Professional Provident Society Healthcare Administrators (Pty) Ltd 110
Universal Healthcare Administrators (Pty) Ltd 112

Report Coverage

This report focuses on Medical Aid Funding, and includes information on the state and size of the sector, developments and corporate actions of its major players, and influencing factors including regulation and the effect of the coronavirus pandemic. There are profiles of 31 companies including major administrators such as Discovery Health, Medscheme and Momentum Health, restricted schemes such as the Government Employees Medical Scheme, South African Police Service Medical Aid and Sasolmed, and open schemes such as Bestmed and Medshield.

Medical Aid Funding

South Africa spends more on private health insurance as a percentage of total health expenditure than almost any other country. Although the sector performs a critical role in the health system, medical scheme membership remains out of the reach of over 85% of the population. Although the details remain unclear, the implementation of the National Health Insurance Fund will invariably affect the public and private healthcare systems, including the medical aid funding sector.

Affordability

Medical aid premiums continue to rise faster than inflation. In response to the high cost of medical scheme plans, many members opt for cheaper options, which saves them on monthly premiums but increases their out-of-pocket medical expenses. Many scheme members rely on gap cover to mitigate the financial burden of their medical expense shortfalls. South Africa’s poor economic performance has augmented the trend of members downgrading their benefit options without readjusting expectations. Reacting to rising costs and sluggish membership growth, and medical schemes have created bare-minimum hospital plans. There are long-term concerns around the exclusivity of private medical schemes because of their unaffordability for majority of people.

Low-Cost Benefit Options

The Council for Medical Schemes announced its intention to discontinue low-cost benefit options which target low income market segments. From March 2021, none of the demarcation products that were established in line with the exemption framework will be allowed and no new products will be permitted. Demarcation products include insurance options from as little as R300. These products provide private healthcare access to over 400,000 people. Many insurance providers are appealing the decision.

Read More..
The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2020

Full Report

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 1 330.00(ZAR) estimated $ 71.21 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2022-10-31

R 9 500.00(ZAR) estimated $508.68 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2019-01-28

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2016-04-11

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2014-10-30

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Industry Value Chain 5
2.2. Geographic Position 8
3. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY 10
4. STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 13
4.1. Local 13
4.1.1. Corporate Actions 20
4.1.2. Regulations 20
4.1.3. Enterprise Development and Socio-Economic Development 23
4.2. Continental 24
4.3. International 25
5. INFLUENCING FACTORS 28
5.1. Economic Environment 28
5.2. Government Interventions and Regulations 29
5.3. Population Health 32
5.4. Coronavirus 33
5.5. Input Costs 34
5.6. Fraud, Waste and Abuse 35
5.7. Research and Development (R&D), Technology and Innovation 36
5.8. Labour 38
5.9. Environmental Concerns 39
5.10. Cyclicality 40
6. COMPETITION 40
6.1. Barriers to Entry 43
7. SWOT ANALYSIS 44
8. OUTLOOK 45
9. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 46
10. REFERENCES 47
10.1. Publications 47
10.2. Websites 47
APPENDIX 1 - SUMMARY OF NOTABLE PLAYERS 49
Major Open Medical Schemes 49
Major Restricted Medical Schemes 50
Major Medical Fund Administrators 51
PROFILES OF NOTABLE OPEN MEDICAL SCHEMES 53
BESTMED MEDICAL SCHEME 53
BONITAS MEDICAL FUND 56
DISCOVERY HEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 59
FEDHEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 61
KEYHEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 63
MEDIHELP MEDICAL SCHEME 65
MEDSHIELD MEDICAL SCHEME 67
MOMENTUM HEALTH 69
SIZWE MEDICAL FUND 71
PROFILES OF NOTABLE RESTRICTED MEDICAL SCHEMES 73
ANGLO MEDICAL SCHEME 73
BANKMED MEDICAL SCHEME 75
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS MEDICAL AID FUND 77
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES MEDICAL SCHEME 79
LA-HEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 82
MOTO HEALTH CARE 84
NEDGROUP MEDICAL AID SCHEME 86
PLATINUM HEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 88
PROFMED MEDICAL SCHEME 90
SAMWU NATIONAL MEDICAL SCHEME 92
SASOLMED MEDICAL SCHEME 94
SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE MEDICAL SCHEME 95
TRANSMED MEDICAL FUND 97
PROFILES OF NOTABLE MEDICAL FUND ADMINISTRATORS 99
3SIXTY HEALTH (PTY) LTD 99
AGILITY HOLDINGS (RF) (PTY) LTD 101
DISCOVERY HEALTH (PTY) LTD 103
MEDSCHEME HOLDINGS (PTY) LTD 106
METROPOLITAN HEALTH CORPORATE (PTY) LTD 109
MOMENTUM HEALTH SOLUTIONS (PTY) LTD 111
MOMENTUM THEBE YA BOPHELO (PTY) LTD 113
PROFESSIONAL PROVIDENT SOCIETY HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATORS (PTY) LTD 115
UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATORS (PTY) LTD 117

Report Coverage

The Medical Aid Funding Report describes the industry, major players and recent trends. It examines the initial Competition Commission findings and new legislation and factors influencing the sector’s success. It provides comprehensive profiles of 31 medical schemes and fund administrators including the major players in the private and public sector and smaller schemes such as Keyhealth and the Chartered Accountants Medical Aid Fund.

Medical Aid Funding

The South African medical aid funding industry provides cover to over 8.8 million beneficiaries whose gross contributions amounted to R179.8bn in 2017. The total number of registered medical schemes declined from 124 in 2006 to 80 at end-March 2018. Discovery Health is the dominant player with over 2.7 million beneficiaries or around 31% of the total domestic market and over 50% of the open medical schemes segment. The Government Employees Medical Scheme dominates the restricted medical schemes segment with a market share of 47%. Medical scheme membership remains out of the reach of over 83% of the South African population.

Changes Ahead

The Competition Commission’s health market enquiry and the National Health Insurance (NHI) Bill and the Medical Schemes Amendment Bill are set to shake up the public and private healthcare systems. The medical aid funding industry is characterised by consolidation, contracting medical scheme benefits and rising gross monthly contributions per beneficiary. The industry faces numerous challenges including slowing membership growth and rising healthcare costs.

Read More..
The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2019

Full Report

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 1 330.00(ZAR) estimated $ 71.21 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2022-10-31

R 9 500.00(ZAR) estimated $508.68 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2020-11-10

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2016-04-11

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2014-10-30

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Value Chain 3
2.2. Geographic Position 5
3. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY 6
4. STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 9
4.1. Local 9
4.1.1. Corporate Actions 14
4.1.2. Regulations 15
4.1.3. Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development 17
4.2. Continental 19
4.3. International 20
5. INFLUENCING FACTORS 22
5.1. Economic Environment 22
5.2. Government Interventions 22
5.3. Input Costs 23
5.4. Commercial Health Insurance 25
5.5. Fraud 25
5.6. Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation 25
5.7. Labour Resources 27
5.8. Environmental Concerns 28
5.9. Cyclicality 29
6. COMPETITION 30
6.1. Barriers to Entry 31
7. SWOT ANALYSIS 32
8. OUTLOOK 33
9. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 33
10. REFERENCES 34
10.1. Publications 34
10.2. Websites 34
APPENDIX 1 - SUMMARY OF NOTABLE PLAYERS 36
Major Open Medical Schemes 36
Major Restricted Medical Schemes 37
Major Medical Fund Administrators 38
APPENDIX 2 39
Registered Medical Schemes as at 31 March 2018 39
PROFILES OF NOTABLE OPEN MEDICAL SCHEMES 40
BESTMED MEDICAL SCHEME 40
BONITAS MEDICAL FUND 43
DISCOVERY HEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 46
FEDHEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 48
KEYHEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 50
MEDIHELP MEDICAL SCHEME 52
MEDSHIELD MEDICAL SCHEME 54
MOMENTUM HEALTH 56
SIZWE MEDICAL FUND 58
PROFILES OF NOTABLE RESTRICTED MEDICAL SCHEMES 61
ANGLO MEDICAL SCHEME 61
BANKMED MEDICAL SCHEME 63
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS MEDICAL AID FUND 65
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES MEDICAL SCHEME 67
LA-HEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 71
MOTO HEALTH CARE 73
NEDGROUP MEDICAL AID SCHEME 75
PLATINUM HEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 77
PROFMED MEDICAL SCHEME 79
SAMWU NATIONAL MEDICAL SCHEME 81
SASOLMED MEDICAL SCHEME 83
SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE MEDICAL SCHEME 85
TRANSMED MEDICAL FUND 87
PROFILES OF NOTABLE MEDICAL FUND ADMINISTRATORS 89
AGILITY HOLDINGS (RF) (PTY) LTD 89
DISCOVERY HEALTH (PTY) LTD 91
MEDSCHEME HOLDINGS (PTY) LTD 94
METROPOLITAN HEALTH CORPORATE (PTY) LTD 97
MMI HEALTH (PTY) LTD 99
MOMENTUM THEBE YA BOPHELO (PTY) LTD 101
PROFESSIONAL PROVIDENT SOCIETY HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATORS (PTY) LTD 103
SECHABA MEDICAL SOLUTIONS (PTY) LTD 105
UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATORS (PTY) LTD 107

Report Coverage

The report on the medical aid funding sector describes the current market, the latest regulatory developments and discusses factors influencing the success of the sector. The report profiles nine medical fund administrators and 23 medical aid companies including market leader, Discovery Health which increased its market share in the open medical schemes segment from 52.4% in 2013 to 53.4% in 2014, and the Government Employees’ Medical Scheme (GEMS), the largest of the restricted medical schemes.

Medical Aid Funding Sector

This report focuses on South Africa’s medical aid funding industry. The sector comprises 83 registered medical schemes, 23 open and 60 restricted, and currently serves almost 8.8 million beneficiaries. With scheme contributions of R140.2bn and healthcare expenditure of R124.1bn for the financial year ending 31 March 2015, the industry plays a critical role in South Africa’s private health sector, which is currently the subject of a Competition Commission inquiry.

Consolidation and Growing Pressure

During the past fifteen years, the South African medical aid funding industry has consolidated, with numerous small medical schemes amalgamating with larger schemes. Between 2000 and 2015, the total number of registered medical schemes decreased by 42%. According to the Council for Medical Schemes (CMS), consolidation is viewed as “a response to market forces and is not necessarily a negative development or an indication of instability in the South African medical schemes environment.” However, the medical aid funding industry is a sector under increasing pressure. Regulatory uncertainty continues to undermine the industry. Challenges identified by stakeholders include demarcation regulations and regulations governing Prescribed Minimum Benefits (PMBs). Many role players have called for a review of regulations relating to solvency calculation, risk equalisation and governance. While the number of beneficiaries receiving treatment for chronic diseases rises, the number of new members is decreasing, a trend that is expected to continue. Role players have cited unemployment and the lack of disposable income as the major contributing factors.

Read More..
The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2016

Full Report

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 1 330.00(ZAR) estimated $ 71.21 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2022-10-31

R 9 500.00(ZAR) estimated $508.68 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2020-11-10

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2019-01-28

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2014-10-30

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Value Chain 3
2.2. Geographic Position 4
3. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY 6
4. STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 11
4.1. Local 11
4.1.1. Corporate Actions 15
4.1.2. Regulations 16
4.1.3. Enterprise Development and Socio-Economic Development Initiatives 19
4.2. Continental 21
4.3. International 22
5. INFLUENCING FACTORS 24
5.1. Economic Environment 24
5.2. Government Intervention 25
5.3. Input Costs 26
5.4. Commercial Health Insurance 28
5.5. Managed Health Care 28
5.6. Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation 29
5.7. Labour Resources 31
5.8. Environmental Concerns 33
5.9. Cyclicality 34
6. COMPETITION 35
6.1. Barriers to Entry 36
7. SWOT ANALYSIS 37
8. OUTLOOK 38
9. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 39
10. REFERENCES 39
10.1. Publications 39
10.2. Websites 40
APPENDIX 1 42
Registered Medical Schemes – 2014/2015 42
APPENDIX 2 44
Medical Scheme Administrators 44
APPENDIX 3 45
Managed Care Organisations (MCOs) – 2014/2015 45
COMPANY PROFILES – OPEN MEDICAL SCHEMES 48
BESTMED MEDICAL SCHEME 48
BONITAS MEDICAL FUND 51
DISCOVERY HEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 53
FEDHEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 56
KEYHEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 58
LIBERTY MEDICAL SCHEME 60
MEDIHELP MEDICAL SCHEME 62
MEDSHIELD MEDICAL SCHEME 64
MOMENTUM HEALTH 66
SIZWE MEDICAL FUND 68
SPECTRAMED MEDICAL SCHEME 70
COMPANY PROFILES – RESTRICTED MEDICAL SCHEMES 72
BANKMED MEDICAL SCHEME 72
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS MEDICAL AID FUND 74
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES MEDICAL SCHEME 76
LA-HEALTH MEDICAL SCHEME 79
MOTO HEALTH CARE 81
NEDGROUP MEDICAL AID SCHEME 83
PLATINUM HEALTH 85
PROFMED MEDICAL SCHEME 87
SAMWU NATIONAL MEDICAL SCHEME 89
SASOLMED MEDICAL SCHEME 92
SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE MEDICAL SCHEME 94
TRANSMED MEDICAL SCHEME 96
COMPANY PROFILES – FUND ADMINISTRATORS 98
AGILITY HOLDINGS (RF) (PTY) LTD 98
DISCOVERY HEALTH (PTY) LTD 100
MEDSCHEME LTD 103
METROPOLITAN HEALTH CORPORATE (PTY) LTD 106
MMI HEALTH (PTY) LTD 108
PROFESSIONAL PROVIDENT SOCIETY HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATORS (PTY) LTD 110
PROVIDENCE HEALTHCARE RISK MANAGERS (PTY) LTD 111
SECHABA MEDICAL SOLUTIONS (PTY) LTD 113
STRATA HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT (PTY) LTD 115
UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATORS (PTY) LTD 117
0

Extract

The climate of regulatory uncertainty has been cited by stakeholders as a major challenge facing the sector...

Description

This report focuses on a vital pillar of South Africa's private healthcare sector, the South African medical aid funding industry. The sector, which currently comprises 85 registered medical schemes, serves 8,776,279 beneficiaries. In 2013, medical scheme membership contributions totalled R129.8bn, while medical schemes' healthcare expenditure amounted to R112.9bn.

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2014

Full Report

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 1 330.00(ZAR) estimated $ 71.21 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2022-10-31

R 9 500.00(ZAR) estimated $508.68 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2020-11-10

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2019-01-28

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Medical Aid Funding Industry in South Africa 2016-04-11

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.74 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Industry Supply Chain 2
2.2. Geographic Position 3
3. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY 4
4. STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 7
4.1. Local 7
4.1.1. Corporate Actions 9
4.1.2. Regulations & Government Programmes 10
4.1.3. Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development 12
4.2. Continental 13
4.3. International 14
5. INFLUENCING FACTORS 15
5.1. Government Intervention 15
5.2. Economic Environment 16
5.3. Rising Input Costs 16
5.4. Commercial Health Insurance 17
5.5. Managed Health Care 18
5.6. Information Technology and Technology 18
5.7. Implementation of NHI 19
5.8. Labour 20
5.9. Environmental Concerns 21
6. COMPETITION 21
6.1. Barriers to Entry 22
6.2. Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation 23
7. SWOT ANALYSIS 23
8. OUTLOOK 24
9. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 24
10. REFERENCES 25
10.1. Publications 25
10.2. Websites 25
APPENDIX 1 26
Registered Medical Schemes 26