Mining Precious Metals Minerals Gold Uranium Platinum Diamonds South Africa

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2025

Alex Conradie | South Africa | 22 May 2025

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2020

Alex Conradie | South Africa | 01 June 2020

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2018

Alex Conradie | South Africa | 13 August 2018

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2017

Alex Conradie | South Africa | 01 November 2017

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016

Alex Conradie | South Africa | 23 May 2016

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015

Alex Conradie | South Africa | 03 December 2015

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015

Lionel Williams | South Africa | 16 March 2015

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014

Martin Rothschild | South Africa | 23 June 2014

Report Coverage

This report on mining precious metals and minerals in South Africa includes comprehensive information on gold, uranium, platinum group metals (PGM) and diamonds, including reserves, production, demand, prices, stocks and sales. There is information on notable players, developments, corporate actions, new regulations, illegal mining, and mine safety and environmental issues. The report includes profiles of 30 companies such as gold mining companies DRDGold, Harmony, Gold Fields and Pan African Resources, PGM companies like Amplats, Implats and Northam, diamond companies such as De Beers, Petra Diamonds, Trans Hex and state-owned Alexkor, and companies mining several resources such as Sibanye-Stillwater.

Introduction

• South Africa’s production of diamonds, gold and PGMs has been declining over at least the past several years.
• Exports of precious metals and minerals increased by 10% in 2024, largely due to the rising gold price.
• Challenges include increasing input costs, illegal mining and low PGM and rough diamond prices.
• Several companies are constructing or planning to construct PGM mines in the next few years, and others are reopening, or planning to reopen, gold and uranium mines in response to increasing prices.
• Planned changes to mining legislation will affect the industry.

Trends

• A few companies are constructing or planning PGM mines in the next few years.
• A number of companies are reopening, or planning to reopen, gold and uranium mines, which is cheaper and faster than exploration.
• As internal combustion engines are being phased out, demand for PGMs from the automotive industry is declining.
• Companies are increasing the use of renewable energy.
• Demand for certain metals, such as PGMs, will continue to increase due to their use in renewable energy systems and the electrification of transport systems.
• Diamond output is decreasing as mines’ reserves become depleted and no new mines enter production.
• Diamond traceability is becoming increasingly important due to sanctions against Russia and conflict diamond considerations.
• Environmental, social and governance considerations are becoming increasingly important as consumers are avoiding unethically-produced metals and minerals.
• Gold output is on a declining trend due to the increasing depth of operations, ageing infrastructure, and falling labour productivity due to high humidity and temperatures at depth.
• Input costs are rising, mostly caused by increasing electricity tariffs.
• More companies are moving to five-year wage agreements with unions to reduce the frequency of wage negotiations.
• Production of PGMs is gradually declining, largely due to the closure of shafts whose reserves have become uneconomical to extract due to lower prices and rising input costs.
• South Africa’s uranium production has been declining for the past few decades because of decreasing gold output and the ceasing of uranium production at several operations due to low prices.

Opportunities

• A few companies are re-opening closed mines and developing shallow, low-cost underground mines.
• A relatively low-cost, low-risk opportunity in retreatment of tailings storage facilities.
• The increase in gold prices over the past few years has allowed producers to continue producing from marginal shafts, and extend long-life shafts due to improved profitability.

Challenges

• A need for PGM players to develop new markets for their products, as automotive industry demand will decline.
• Diamond mining companies’ operating margins are being reduced by rising input costs and low rough diamond prices and sales due to a decline in jewellery sales.
• Gold output is declining due to the increasing depth of operations, ageing infrastructure, and falling labour productivity.
• Mining companies spend an estimated R2.5bn per year on extra security measures to combat illegal mining.
• PGM mining companies’ operating margins are being reduced by rising input costs and decreasing PGM prices.
• Pressure, especially on listed companies, to decarbonise their products.

Outlook

• The rate of decline in gold production should slow as high gold prices allow shafts to remain profitable for longer, and a few new mines are developed.
• Uranium demand is expected to exceed supply, but higher prices could lead to increased production.
• Platinum supply will decrease in 2025, as will demand.
• A number of companies are constructing or planning PGM mines in the next few years.
• De Beers expects market conditions for diamonds to be challenging in 2025 as demand for polished diamonds remains low.
• Rough diamond prices should improve slightly in the medium term.
• The diamond industry’s long-term outlook remains favourable.

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2025

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2020-06-01

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2018-08-13

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2017-11-01

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016-05-23

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-12-03

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-03-16

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014-06-23

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		PAGE
1.	INTRODUCTION	1
2.	DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY	1
2.1.	Industry Value Chain	2
2.2.	Geographic Position	4
2.3.	Size of the Industry	6
3.	LOCAL	7
3.1.	State of the Industry	7
3.2.	Key Trends	13
3.3.	Key Issues	14
3.4.	Notable Players	15
3.5.	Trade	23
3.6.	Corporate Actions	25
3.7.	Regulations	27
3.8.	Enterprise Development and Social Development	28
4.	AFRICA	30
5.	INTERNATIONAL	33
6.	INFLUENCING FACTORS	45
6.1.	Economic Environment	45
6.2.	Unforeseen Events	46
6.3.	Labour	47
6.4.	Mine Safety	50
6.5.	Illegal Mining	51
6.6.	Environmental Issues	52
6.7.	Technology, R&D and Innovation	54
6.8.	Input Costs	56
7.	COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT	57
7.1.	Competition	57
7.2.	Ownership Structure of the Industry	58
7.3.	Barriers to Entry	59
8.	INDUSTRY SUMMARY	60
9.	OUTLOOK	61
10.	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS	63
11.	REFERENCES	63
11.1.	Publications	63
11.2.	Websites	65
	ANNEXURE 1 - Industry Legislation And Regulations	66
	APPENDIX 1 – Gold & Uranium	72
	APPENDIX 2 – Platinum	78
	APPENDIX 3 – Diamonds	83
	COMPANY PROFILES – Gold & Uranium	85
	AUROUS RESOURCES	85
	DRDGOLD LTD	87
	GOLD FIELDS LTD	91
	GOLD ONE AFRICA (PTY) LTD	96
	HARMONY GOLD MINING COMPANY LTD	98
	NEO ENERGY METALS PLC	106
	PAN AFRICAN RESOURCES PLC	109
	SIBANYE STILLWATER LTD	113
	THETA GOLD MINES LTD	119
	WEST WITS MINING LTD	122
	WHITE RIVERS EXPLORATION (PTY) LTD	124
	COMPANY PROFILES - Platinum	126
	AFRICAN RAINBOW MINERALS LTD	126
	EASTERN PLATINUM LTD INCORPORATED IN CANADA	132
	GLENCORE OPERATIONS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	135
	IMPALA PLATINUM HOLDINGS LTD	139
	IVANHOE MINES LTD	145
	NKWE PLATINUM LTD	149
	NORTHAM PLATINUM HOLDINGS LTD	151
	PLATINUM GROUP METALS (RSA) (PTY) LTD	154
	SIBANYE STILLWATER LTD	156
	SOUTHERN PALLADIUM LTD	162
	THARISA PLC	164
	VALTERRA PLATINUM LTD	168
	WESIZWE PLATINUM LTD	172
	COMPANY PROFILES - Diamonds	175
	ALEXKOR SOC LTD	175
	BOTSWANA DIAMONDS PLC	178
	DE BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES (PTY) LTD	180
	DMI MINERALS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	183
	EKAPA MINING (PTY) LTD	185
	PETRA DIAMONDS LTD	187
	TRANS HEX OPERATIONS (PTY) LTD	190

Report Coverage

This report focuses on the Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals: Gold and Uranium, Platinum and Diamonds, and includes comprehensive information on production, exports, costs, commodity prices and other influencing factors, as well as corporate actions and regulatory and other developments in the sector. There are profiles of 35 companies including major gold producers such as AngloGold Ashanti, Sibanye-Stillwater, Harmony and Gold Fields, platinum-group metal players such as Anglo American Platinum, Impala, Northam, Mmakau and Royal Bafokeng and diamond miners Petra Diamonds and De Beers.

Introduction

According to data released by the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE), local and export sales of gold, platinum and diamonds amounted to R139.4bn in 2019, while the Minerals Council South Africa said 275,371 people were employed by these sectors in that year. The most important challenges facing producers of gold, uranium, platinum and diamonds are disruptions to the supply of, and markets for, these commodities due to coronavirus; the increasing cost of electricity, water and labour in particular; and electricity supply problems.

Strengths

• Some of the largest gold producing companies are well-established in South Africa.
• South Africa holds more than 90% of the world’s PGM reserves.
• South Africa is the world’s largest producer of platinum.
• South Africa was the world’s fourth-largest producer of diamonds in terms of value in 2018.
• The country has a long history of gold mining.
• The Witwatersrand Basin is the gold deposit with the largest reserves in the world.
• The world’s largest platinum producing companies are well established in South Africa.

Weaknesses

Opportunities

• Gold producers are investing in R&D and innovation to extend the life of the sector.
• Increasing rand gold and platinum prices.
• Some closed gold mines can still be profitably operated on a smaller scale.

Threats

• Disruptions to supply and demand, and higher operating costs caused by Covid-19.
• Electricity supply problems.
• Illegal mining and gold raids.
• Increasing costs, of electricity, water and labour in particular, pose a threat to the profitability and sustainability of the gold, platinum and diamond mining sectors.
• The increasing contribution of recycling to platinum supply, thus decreasing demand for the extracted metal.

Outlook

GoldThe World Bank expects the average gold price for 2020 will be US$1,600/oz, while Tom Palmer, CEO of Newmont Mining, believes gold prices will remain between US$1,500/oz and US$1,750/oz over the next five years, due to higher demand. He said: “The level of stimulus globally that’s going into the economy certainly underpins higher gold prices for the longer term, and I don’t think that stimulus has stopped yet.” The World Gold Council expects gold supply for 2020 to be lower year-on-year due to disruptions caused by coronavirus.PlatinumArnold van Graan, precious metals analyst at Nedbank Securities, expects South Africa’s platinum and gold production to decrease by between 10% and 15% in 2020, due to the national lockdown and problems at Amplats’ converter plant. Demand for platinum is forecast to decrease due to the impact of coronavirus on vehicle production and platinum jewellery sales. The World Bank forecasts the average platinum price for 2020 will be US$940/oz. DiamondsProduction cuts announced by producers will reduce global rough diamond supply by around 12% in 2020. Demand for rough diamonds is forecast to decrease due to the impact of coronavirus on diamond jewellery sales. According to diamond industry analyst Paul Zimnisky, rough diamond price levels will be determined by the size of supply cuts as a result of lockdowns and strategic supply reductions by large producers, and by the impact of the economic downturn on demand.

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2020

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Industry Landscape

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Historical Reports

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2025-05-22

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2018-08-13

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $107.31 (USD)*

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2017-11-01

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016-05-23

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-12-03

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-03-16

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014-06-23

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		PAGE
1.	INTRODUCTION	1
2.	DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY	1
2.1.	Industry Value Chain	2
2.2.	Geographic Position	6
3.	SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY	8
4.	STATE OF THE INDUSTRY	10
4.1.	Local	10
4.1.1.	Gold	10
4.1.2.	Uranium	13
4.1.3.	Platinum	13
4.1.4.	Diamonds	15
4.1.5.	Trade	16
4.1.6.	Corporate Actions	17
4.1.7.	Regulations	19
4.1.8.	Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development	24
4.2.	Continental	25
4.2.1.	Gold	25
4.2.2.	Uranium	26
4.2.3.	Platinum	26
4.2.4.	Diamonds	26
4.3.	International	27
4.3.1.	Gold	27
4.3.2.	Uranium	30
4.3.3.	Platinum	33
4.3.4.	Diamonds	36
5.	INFLUENCING FACTORS	39
5.1.	Coronavirus	39
5.2.	Economic Environment	41
5.3.	Electricity Supply and Prices	42
5.4.	Labour	42
5.5.	Mine Safety	47
5.6.	Illegal Mining and Raids	47
5.7.	Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation	48
5.8.	Environmental Concerns	50
5.9.	Platinum Recycling	51
5.10.	Community Protests	51
6.	COMPETITION	52
6.1.	Barriers to Entry	53
7.	SWOT ANALYSIS	54
8.	OUTLOOK	55
9.	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS	55
10.	REFERENCES	56
10.1.	Publications	56
10.2.	Websites	57
	APPENDIX 1 - SUMMARY OF NOTABLE PLAYERS	58
	Mining of Gold & Uranium	58
	Mining of Platinum	61
	Mining of Diamonds	66
	COMPANY PROFILES – MINING OF GOLD AND URANIUM	68
	ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI LTD	68
	BLYVOOR GOLD (PTY) LTD	74
	DRDGOLD LTD	75
	GOLD FIELDS LTD	79
	HARMONY GOLD MINING COMPANY LTD	84
	ORION MINERALS LTD	90
	PAN AFRICAN RESOURCES PLC	94
	PENINSULA ENERGY LTD	98
	SIBANYE STILLWATER LTD	101
	STIBIUM MINING SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	106
	THETA GOLD MINES LTD	108
	VILLAGE MAIN REEF (PTY) LTD	111
	WHITE RIVERS EXPLORATION (PTY) LTD	114
	COMPANY PROFILES – MINING OF PLATINUM	117
	AFRICAN RAINBOW MINERALS LTD	117
	ANGLO AMERICAN PLATINUM LTD	123
	ATLATSA RESOURCES CORPORATION	127
	IMPALA PLATINUM HOLDINGS LTD	129
	IVANHOE MINES LTD	134
	MMAKAU MINING (PTY) LTD	137
	NORTHAM PLATINUM LTD	139
	ORION MINERALS LTD	144
	PLATINUM GROUP METALS (RSA) (PTY) LTD	148
	PLATMIN SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	150
	ROYAL BAFOKENG PLATINUM LTD	152
	SIBANYE STILLWATER LTD	155
	SIYANDA RESOURCES (PTY) LTD	160
	SYLVANIA PLATINUM LTD	163
	VILLAGE MAIN REEF (PTY) LTD	166
	WESIZWE PLATINUM LTD	169
	WINDSOR SA (PTY) LTD	172
	COMPANY PROFILES – MINING OF DIAMONDS	174
	ALEXKOR SOC LTD	174
	DE BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES (PTY) LTD	177
	DMI MINERALS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	180
	FRONTIER DIAMONDS LTD	182
	KAREEVLEI MINING (PTY) LTD	184
	PETRA DIAMONDS LTD	185
	SOUTHSTONE MINERALS LTD	188
	TRANS HEX GROEP LTD	191

Report Coverage

This report deals with the mining of precious metals and minerals in South Africa including uranium as a by-product of gold mining, the report describes current conditions, including uncertainty in the regulatory environment, and discusses factors influencing the success of the industry. The report profiles 42 companies including De Beers Consolidated Mines and Trans Hex which recorded output increases of 23.8% and 59.5% respectively.

Introduction

This report deals with the mining of precious metals and minerals in South Africa, and since uranium is produced as a by-product of gold mining, the mining of uranium is included. According to the Mine SA 2017 report of the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA) (formerly the Chamber of Mines) local and export sales of gold, platinum-group metals (PGMs) and diamonds amounted to R178.1bn during 2017, while 306,197 people were employed by these sectors. The most important issues facing producers of gold, uranium, platinum and diamonds are policy and regulatory uncertainty, low commodity prices, operational challenges, such as ageing infrastructure, and rapidly escalating production costs.

Strengths

• De Beers, one of the dominant global diamond producers, is well-established in South Africa.
• Gold producers are investing a great deal in innovation and skills training in order to better understand the ore bodies and how to mine them.
• Some of the largest gold producing companies are well established in South Africa.
• South Africa holds more than 90% of the world’s PGM reserves.
• South Africa is the world’s largest producer of platinum.
• South Africa was the world’s fourth largest producer of diamonds in terms of value in 2016.
• South Africa was the world’s seventh largest gold producer during 2017.
• The country has a long history of gold mining.
• The local gold mining sector is a global leader in deep-level gold mining.
• The Witwatersrand Basin is the gold deposit with the largest reserves in the world.
• The world’s largest platinum producing companies are well established in South Africa.

Weaknesses

• Ageing infrastructure of gold and platinum mines.
• Continued declines in productivity due to increased travelling times for workers to reach work areas, and high temperatures and humidity levels in gold and platinum mines.
• Declining gold grades.
• Demand for platinum is heavily reliant on the automotive sector, which is largely determined by economic conditions.
• High fatality rate due to dangerous working conditions in gold mines.
• Inadequate protection for mineworkers in the past has led to a class action lawsuit by employees suffering from silicosis.
• Shortage of skills in certain disciplines.
• The diamond mining industry derives practically all its revenue from consumers’ demand for diamond jewellery, which is heavily reliant on global economic growth.
• The increasing depth of gold and platinum mines, making extraction more dangerous and expensive.

Opportunities

• De Beers believes new diamond deposits can still be found in South Africa.
• The gold and platinum mining sectors are making steady progress in developing technology to mine safer and deeper, thereby extending the lives of the sectors.

Threats

• Continuing uncertainty regarding South Africa’s mining regulatory framework.
• Decreasing rand commodity prices are a threat, especially to marginal mines.
• Drop in consumer confidence in diamond jewellery due to conflict diamonds and the fact that synthetic diamonds are being passed off as natural diamonds.
• High levels of above ground stocks of platinum.
• High levels of secondary sources of uranium.
• Impact of illegal mining.
• Implementation of a carbon tax, which will add to costs.
• Increasing costs, of electricity, water and labour in particular, pose a threat to the profitability and sustainability of the gold, platinum and diamond mining sectors.
• Increasing incidence of community protests.
• The increased use of palladium as a substitute for platinum in different applications.
• The increasing contribution of recycling to platinum supply, thus decreasing demand for the extracted metal.

Outlook

Gold, uranium, platinum and diamond prices are expected to increase over the short to medium term due to lower supply and higher demand. The price of gold is forecast to increase from an average of US$1,350/oz in 2018 to US$1,430/oz in 2023, while uranium spot prices are expected to increase from US$25/lb in the middle of 2018 to US$38/lb by 2023. Platinum prices are forecast to rise above US$1,000/oz in the second half of 2018, while a 17% cumulative increase in rough diamond prices from 2018 to 2021 is expected.

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2018

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Industry Landscape

R 1 330.00(ZAR) estimated $ 75.12 (USD)*

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Historical Reports

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2025-05-22

R 20 000.00(ZAR) estimated $1129.61 (USD)*

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2020-06-01

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $107.31 (USD)*

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2017-11-01

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016-05-23

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-12-03

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-03-16

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014-06-23

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[ Close ]

		PAGE
1.	INTRODUCTION	1
2.	DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY	1
2.1.	Industry Value Chain	2
2.2.	Geographic Position	6
3.	SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY	9
4.	STATE OF THE INDUSTRY	21
4.1.	Local	21
4.1.1.	Gold	21
4.1.2.	Uranium	24
4.1.3.	Platinum	26
4.1.4.	Diamonds	28
4.1.5.	Corporate Actions	31
4.1.6.	Regulations	36
4.1.7.	Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development	41
4.2.	Continental	42
4.2.1.	Gold	42
4.2.2.	Uranium	42
4.2.3.	Platinum	43
4.2.4.	Diamonds	43
4.3.	International	44
4.3.1.	Gold	44
4.3.2.	Uranium	47
4.3.3.	Platinum	49
4.3.4.	Diamonds	52
5.	INFLUENCING FACTORS	54
5.1.	Economic Environment	54
5.2.	Labour	55
5.3.	Mine Safety	59
5.4.	Illegal Mining	59
5.5.	Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation	61
5.6.	Environmental Concerns	63
5.7.	Platinum Recycling	63
5.8.	Community Protests	64
5.9.	Synthetic Diamonds	65
6.	COMPETITION	66
6.1.	Barriers to Entry	67
7.	SWOT ANALYSIS	68
8.	OUTLOOK	69
9.	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS	70
10.	REFERENCES	70
10.1.	Publications	70
10.2.	Websites	71
	COMPANY PROFILES – MINING OF GOLD	73
	ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI LTD	73
	CENTRAL RAND GOLD LTD	79
	DRDGOLD LTD	82
	GOLD FIELDS LTD	86
	HARMONY GOLD MINING COMPANY LTD	91
	LONMIN PLC	97
	OAKBAY RESOURCES AND ENERGY LTD	102
	ORION MINERALS LTD	105
	PAN AFRICAN RESOURCES PLC	109
	PENINSULA ENERGY LTD	112
	SIBANYE GOLD LTD	115
	STIBIUM MINING SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	121
	STONEWALL RESOURCES LTD	123
	VILLAGE MAIN REEF (PTY) LTD	126
	WHITE RIVERS EXPLORATION (PTY) LTD	129
	COMPANY PROFILES – MINING OF PLATINUM	132
	AFRICAN RAINBOW MINERALS LTD	132
	ANGLO AMERICAN PLATINUM LTD	137
	ATLATSA RESOURCES CORPORATION	141
	GLENCORE OPERATIONS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	144
	IMPALA PLATINUM HOLDINGS LTD	148
	IVANHOE MINES LTD	152
	LONMIN PLC	155
	MMAKAU MINING (PTY) LTD	160
	NORTHAM PLATINUM LTD	162
	ORION MINERALS LTD	166
	PLATINUM GROUP METALS (RSA) (PTY) LTD	170
	PLATMIN SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	172
	ROYAL BAFOKENG PLATINUM LTD	174
	SIBANYE GOLD LTD	177
	SIYANDA RESOURCES (PTY) LTD	183
	SYLVANIA PLATINUM LTD	186
	WESIZWE PLATINUM LTD	189
	WINDSOR PLATINUM INVESTMENTS (PTY) LTD	192
	COMPANY PROFILES – MINING OF DIAMONDS	194
	ALEXKOR SOC LTD	194
	DE BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES (PTY) LTD	197
	DMI MINERALS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	200
	FRONTIER DIAMONDS LTD	202
	KAREEVLEI MINING (PTY) LTD	204
	PETRA DIAMONDS LTD	205
	ROCKWELL DIAMONDS INC	208
	TANGO MINING LTD	211
	TRANS HEX GROEP LTD	214

Report Coverage

The Mining of Gold and Uranium describes current conditions, including the uncertainty that still exists in the regulatory environment, and discusses factors influencing the success of the industry. The report profiles 16 companies including Pan African Resources, which began the construction of the R1.74bn Elikhulu gold tailings project in Mpumalanga in September 2017. Also profiled is Sibanye-Stillwater, whose operations were negatively affected by a strike concerning illegal mining in June 2017, and which announced the retrenchment of 2,000 workers at its Cooke operations at the end of October 2017.

Introduction

This report deals with the South African gold and uranium mining sector, which is one of the largest components of the South African mining industry on the basis of employment and export earnings. During 2016, South Africa produced 165.6t of gold, which was 5.1% of the global total, and exported 103.7t worth R60.6bn. According to the Facts and Figures 2016 publication of the Chamber of Mines, 116,479 people were employed by the gold mining sector during 2016. As all the country’s uranium is produced as a by-product of gold mining, the performance of the uranium sector is closely linked to that of the gold mining sector, and 450.1t of triuranium octoxide (U3O8) was produced in 2016. The two most important issues facing the gold and uranium mining sector are policy and regulatory uncertainty, and operational challenges, such as ageing infrastructure, greater distances from the shaft to the face and declining gold grades.

Strengths

• Some of the largest gold-producing companies are well established in South Africa.
• South Africa was the world’s sixth-largest gold producer during 2016.
• The country has a long history of gold mining.
• The largest local gold producers are shareholders of Rand Refinery.
• The local gold mining sector is a global leader in deep-level gold mining.
• The Witwatersrand Basin is the gold deposit with the largest reserves in the world.

Weaknesses

• Ageing infrastructure of gold mines.
• Continued declines in productivity due to increased travelling times for workers to reach work areas in gold mines.
• Declining gold grades.
• High fatality rate due to dangerous working conditions in gold mines.
• Illegal mining is affecting revenue and employees’ safety.
• Inadequate protection for mineworkers in the past has led to a class action lawsuit by employees suffering from silicosis.
• Shortage of skills in certain disciplines.
• South Africa’s mining regulatory framework is complex and contains many uncertainties.
• The increasing depth of gold mines, making extraction more dangerous and expensive.

Opportunities

• Government’s proposed nuclear build programme could make several uranium projects economical.
• Led by AngloGold Ashanti, the gold mining sector is making steady progress in developing technology to mine safer and deeper, thereby extending the life of the sector.

Threats

• A drop in gold prices is a threat, especially to marginal mines, since gold mining companies are price takers.
• Continuing uncertainty regarding South Africa’s mining regulatory framework and the implementation of a Mining Charter that could make mining less profitable.
• Increasing costs of electricity and labour in particular, pose a threat to the profitability and sustainability of the gold mining sector.
• Low uranium prices, due to low demand caused by high inventories, and increasing supply.

Outlook

According to AngloGold Ashanti the current mining method used in South Africa’s deep-level gold mines is not the one that should take the sector into the future. If it continues to be pursued, gold mining will come to an end before the Witwatersrand Basin’s gold resources have all been extracted. In excess of 50,000t of gold have been mined already, only 6,000t are in the reserve category, and more than 34,000t stand to be left underground unless new mining technology is introduced. If the local gold mining sector succeeds in finding a viable new mining method, it would not only be able to extract all remaining pillars and go to ultra-depths, but also to reopen a large number of closed mines. If the South African government’s proposed nuclear build programme goes ahead, it is likely that the uranium required would be sourced locally. This could make several uranium projects economical that are currently not due to low uranium spot prices. According to the Resources and Energy Quarterly report uranium prices are expected to increase moderately over the medium-term from an average of US$22.90/lb in 2017, to US$25.20/lb in 2018, and US$29.00/lb in 2019. As far as the gold price is concerned, some analysts expect it to rise to US$1,400/oz in the next 12 months, and to reach a new record high in the medium-term.

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		PAGE
1.	INTRODUCTION	1
2.	DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY	1
2.1.	Industry Value Chain	2
2.2.	Geographic Position	3
3.	SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY	5
4.	STATE OF THE INDUSTRY	11
4.1.	Local	11
4.1.1.	Uranium	17
4.1.2.	Corporate Actions	19
4.1.3.	Regulations	20
4.1.4.	Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development	25
4.2.	Continental	25
4.2.1.	Gold	25
4.2.2.	Uranium	27
4.3.	International	27
4.3.1.	Gold	27
4.3.2.	Uranium	32
5.	INFLUENCING FACTORS	34
5.1.	Economic Environment	34
5.2.	Labour	35
5.3.	Mine Safety	38
5.4.	Illegal Mining	39
5.5.	Government’s Proposed Nuclear Build Programme	40
5.6.	Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation	41
5.7.	Environmental Concerns	43
6.	COMPETITION	44
6.1.	Barriers to Entry	45
7.	SWOT ANALYSIS	45
8.	OUTLOOK	46
9.	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS	47
10.	REFERENCES	47
10.1.	Publications	47
10.2.	Websites	48
	COMPANY PROFILES	49
	ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI LTD	49
	BIRRELL MINING (PTY) LTD	55
	CENTRAL RAND GOLD LTD	57
	DRDGOLD LTD	60
	GOLD FIELDS LTD	64
	GOLD ONE INTERNATIONAL (PTY) LTD	69
	GOLIATH GOLD MINING LTD	71
	HARMONY GOLD MINING COMPANY LTD	74
	OAKBAY RESOURCES AND ENERGY LTD	79
	ORION MINERALS NL	83
	PAN AFRICAN RESOURCES PLC	87
	PENINSULA ENERGY LTD	90
	SIBANYE GOLD LTD	93
	STONEWALL RESOURCES LTD	100
	VILLAGE MAIN REEF (PTY) LTD	103
	WHITE RIVERS EXPLORATION (PTY) LTD	106

Report Coverage

The Mining of Gold and Uranium describes the domestic sector, highlights current conditions, including the uncertainty that exists in the regulatory environment, and discusses factors influencing the success of the industry. The report profiles 14 role players including dominant companies AngloGold Ashanti, Sibanye Gold and Harmony Gold Mining Company that produce gold from several large mines in the Witwatersrand Basin. South Africa’s only uranium mine owned by Shiva Uranium, a subsidiary of Oakbay Resources and Energy is also profiled, as is Rand Uranium (Pty) Ltd, a subsidiary of Sibanye Gold and small entity, White Rivers Exploration (Pty) Ltd which has entered into an exploration joint venture with Harmony Gold.

Introduction

This report focuses on the mining of gold and uranium in South Africa. The gold mining sector is one of the largest components of the South African mining industry on the basis of employment and export earnings. During 2015, South Africa produced 167.5t of gold, which was 5.2% of the global total, and exported 118.1t worth R55.3bn. According to the latest available data, almost 119,000 people were employed by the gold mining sector during 2014. As the bulk of the country’s uranium is produced as a by-product of gold mining, the performance of the uranium mining sector is closely linked to that of the gold mining sector, and 447.3t of uranium was produced in 2015. Challenges faced by the gold mining sector include rapidly rising input costs, policy and regulatory uncertainty, and operational challenges, such as ageing infrastructure, greater distances from the shaft to the face, and declining gold grades.

Strengths

• Some of the largest gold-producing companies are well established in South Africa.
• South Africa was the world’s sixth-largest gold producer during 2015.
• The country has a long history of gold production.
• The Witwatersrand Basin is the gold deposit with the largest reserves in the world.

Weaknesses

• Ageing infrastructure of gold mines.
• Continued declines in productivity due to increased travelling times for workers to reach work areas in gold mines.
• Declining gold grades.
• High fatality rate due to dangerous working conditions in gold mines.
• Inadequate protection for mineworkers in the past has led to a class action lawsuit by employees suffering from silicosis and tuberculosis.
• Shortage of skills in certain disciplines.
• The increasing depth of gold mines, making extraction more dangerous and expensive.

Opportunities

Threats

• A drop in gold prices is a threat, especially to marginal mines, since gold mining companies are price takers.
• Decreasing uranium prices, due to low demand caused by high inventories, and increasing supply.
• Increasing costs, of electricity and labour in particular, pose a threat to the gold mining sector’s profitability and sustainability.
• South Africa’s mining regulatory framework is complex and contains many uncertainties.

Outlook

AngloGold Ashanti believes that the current mining method used in South Africa’s deep-level gold mines is not the one that should take the sector into the future. If it continues to be pursued, gold mining will come to an end before the Witwatersrand Basin’s gold resources have all been extracted. In excess of 50,000t of gold have been mined already, only 6,000t are in the reserve category, and more than 34,000t stand to be left underground unless new mining technology is introduced. If the local gold mining sector succeeds in finding a viable new mining method, it would not only be able to extract all remaining pillars and go to ultra-depths, but also to reopen a large number of closed mines. Refilwe Monageng, executive director of White Rivers Exploration, sees a bright future for gold mining in South Africa. The company is remapping and reinterpreting historical borehole data by using experts and new technology, in order to discover new gold deposits in the Witwatersrand Basin. According to him a future challenge will be to train employees in the use of the new technology.The fundamentals of the uranium market remain strong over the long term, but demand over the short to medium-term has been reduced by the slow return to operation of Japan\'s nuclear power stations, reactor shutdowns in other countries, and a sluggish global economy. From 2018, growth in demand is expected to accelerate, due to new nuclear power plants being completed in China, India and Russia. Locally, if the government’s proposed nuclear build programme is approved by the Cabinet, it is likely that the uranium required will be sourced locally. This could make several uranium projects economical that are currently not due to low uranium spot prices.

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		PAGE
1.	INTRODUCTION	1
2.	DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY	1
2.1.	Industry Value Chain	1
2.2.	Geographic Position	3
3.	SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY	5
4.	STATE OF THE INDUSTRY	12
4.1.	Local	12
4.1.1.	Gold	12
4.1.2.	Uranium	16
4.1.3.	Corporate Actions	17
4.1.4.	Regulations	19
4.1.5.	Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development	23
4.2.	Continental	24
4.2.1.	Gold	24
4.2.2.	Uranium	24
4.3.	International	25
4.3.1.	Gold	25
4.3.2.	Uranium	28
5.	INFLUENCING FACTORS	30
5.1.	Economic Environment	30
5.2.	Labour	31
5.3.	Mine Safety	33
5.4.	Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation	34
5.5.	Environmental Concerns	35
5.6.	Government’s Proposed Nuclear Build Programme	36
5.7.	Illegal Mining	37
6.	COMPETITION	38
6.1.	Barriers to Entry	38
7.	SWOT ANALYSIS	39
8.	OUTLOOK	40
9.	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS	40
10.	REFERENCES	41
10.1.	Publications	41
10.2.	Websites	42
	COMPANY PROFILES	43
	AngloGold Ashanti Ltd	43
	Central Rand Gold Ltd	49
	Ergo Mining (Pty) Ltd	52
	Giyani Gold Corporation	55
	Gold Fields Ltd	58
	Gold One International (Pty) Ltd	64
	Goliath Gold Mining Ltd	66
	Harmony Gold Mining Company Ltd	69
	Oakbay Resources and Energy Ltd	74
	Pan African Resources Plc	77
	Peninsula Energy Ltd	80
	Rand Uranium (Pty) Ltd	83
	Shiva Uranium (Pty) Ltd	85
	Sibanye Gold Ltd	87
	Stonewall Resources Ltd	91
	Vantage Goldfields SA (Pty) Ltd	93
	Village Main Reef Ltd	95
	White Rivers Exploration (Pty) Ltd	98

Report Coverage

The South African Diamond Mining report describes the current market and focuses on developments in the rest of Africa which is responsible for 60% of the world’s diamonds by value. Also detailed are investments into the sector, recent corporate activity and factors influencing the success of the domestic mining industry. The report profiles 11 companies, including the three major local players, DBCM, Petra Diamonds which mines diamonds from four kimberlite deposits, and Trans Hex which sources its diamonds from alluvial and marine deposits.

Introduction

This report focuses on the mining of diamonds in South Africa where, according to the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS), 7,4 million carats (Mcts) were produced and from where 10,4Mcts, worth US$1.7bn, were exported during 2014. Challenges faced by this sector include unreliable and reduced electricity supply, falling rough diamond prices and rapidly escalating production costs.

Strengths

• De Beers, one of the dominant global players, is well-established in South Africa.
• South Africa has historically dominated the diamond mining industry and still possesses significant expertise.
• South Africa has significant diamond reserves.

Weaknesses

• Shortage of skills in certain disciplines.
• Since most South African producers are small compared to the dominant companies, they are price-takers rather than price-setters.
• The industry derives practically all its revenue from consumers’ demand for diamond jewellery, which is heavily reliant on global economic growth.

Opportunities

• De Beers believes there are a few more diamond mines to be found in South Africa and is spending in the region of R30m a year on exploration in the country.

Threats

• Drop in consumer confidence in diamond jewellery when synthetic diamonds are being passed off as natural diamonds.
• Implementation of a carbon tax.
• Low diamond price.
• Rapidly increasing production costs.
• South Africa’s mining regulatory framework is complex and contains many uncertainties.
• The lack of consistent and reliable electricity supply.

Outlook

According to De Beers’ Diamond Insight Report 2014, global rough diamond supply is expected to rise to levels similar to the mid-2000s in the next few years, driven by green-field mines and brownfield expansions coming on-stream. However, by 2020, when many existing mines will begin to see decreasing production levels, global supply is likely to plateau and unless major new discoveries are made in the next few years, production can be expected to decline gradually. As supply from existing mines decreases, mining is expected to become increasingly complex and remote and therefore increasingly costly.Demand growth for diamond jewellery is being driven by rising wealth in emerging markets, growing middle classes and continued growth in the important USA market. China and India are fast developing a mass market as affordable diamond jewellery becomes available to the middle class. De Beers Group CEO Philippe Mellier said, “As the number of middle class households in the major consumer markets is set to grow by hundreds of millions in the years ahead, the medium to long-term prospects for the diamond industry are also exceptionally strong if the right investments continue to be made across the value chain.” Rio Tinto is of the view that diamond jewellery sales are likely to grow by 8% per annum over the next five to ten years, exceeding the 3 to 5% per year forecast for the world, as China moves toward a consumption-based economy. There is therefore an impending shortage of natural diamonds, as demand is forecast to exceed supply within the next decade. The challenges faced by the sector in 2015 are thus expected to be short-term and the industry has excellent long-term prospects.

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		PAGE
1.	INTRODUCTION	1
2.	DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY	1
2.1.	Industry Value Chain	1
2.2.	Geographic Position	5
3.	SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY	6
4.	STATE OF THE INDUSTRY	10
4.1.	Local	10
4.1.1.	Corporate Actions	11
4.1.2.	Regulations	12
4.1.3.	Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development	16
4.2.	Continental	16
4.3.	International	19
5.	INFLUENCING FACTORS	21
5.1.	Government Support and Intervention	21
5.2.	Labour	23
5.3.	Economic Environment	24
5.4.	Information Technology	26
5.5.	Research and Development (R&D)	26
5.6.	Environmental Concerns	27
5.7.	Mine Safety	28
5.8.	Power Supply	28
5.9.	Synthetic Diamonds	28
5.10.	Conflict Diamonds	29
6.	COMPETITION	30
6.1.	Barriers to Entry	30
7.	SWOT ANALYSIS	31
8.	OUTLOOK	31
9.	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS	32
10.	REFERENCES	33
10.1.	Publications	33
10.2.	Websites	33
	COMPANY PROFILES	35
	ALEXKOR SOC LTD	35
	DE BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES (PTY) LTD	38
	DIAMONDCORP PLC	40
	DMI DIAMONDS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	43
	DMI MINERALS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	45
	MWANA AFRICA HOLDINGS (PTY) LTD	47
	NAMAKWA DIAMONDS HOLDINGS (PTY) LTD	51
	PETRA DIAMONDS LTD	53
	ROCKWELL DIAMONDS INC	56
	THABEX LTD	59
	TRANS HEX GROEP LTD	62

Introduction

As at March 2015 South African gold production figures were only available for the first three-quarters of 2014 but, projected over the full year, these statistics indicate a continuation of the country’s steady production decline over the past four decades. Although Uranium is mined as a by-product of the gold mining process, latest production figures show that South African uranium output is exceeding 500mtpa, making the country the 12th largest uranium producer, contributing 1.1% to global production.While South Africa holds 40% of the world’s gold deposits and 8% of uranium reserves, rising costs, especially electricity and extraction, the dangerous depth of the deposits and labour unrest, have led to inefficient and declining production. This report focuses on the efforts of the gold mining industry to meet these challenges and to reverse the continuing decline in gold production.

Strengths

• Gold companies are investing in R&D programmes to improve productivity and cut costs.
• Led by AngloGold Ashanti, the industry is making steady progress in advancing deep-level mining.
• Most of the big gold miners are committed to transformation, and have met their transformation goals.
• Producing uranium as a by-product of gold mining is efficient and profitable.
• South Africa holds 40% of the world’s gold resources.
• The South African gold mining industry is well established and has strong infrastructural support.

Weaknesses

• Labour unrest and violence are resulting in more negative perceptions about the South African gold mining industry as an investment destination.
• No new easy-to-mine gold reserves have been found in South Africa in recent years, meaning that future new mines face further increases in input costs.
• South Africa’s mining regulatory framework is uncertain, complex, and makes the awarding of mining rights a politicised process.
• The country’s existing gold reserves are mainly at levels below 4,000m, meaning that recovery will be increasingly difficult, expensive and dangerous.
• The industry’s profitability is dependent on a weak rand/dollar exchange rate.
• The South African gold production growth curve has been on a steady decline from 1,000mt in 1970 to under 160mt in 2014, its lowest level since 1905.

Opportunities

• Ongoing research & development present the opportunity of new technology which could lead to improved productivity and production including production at deep levels, thus improving the future prospects for gold mining in South Africa.

Threats

• A drop in the gold price, especially for marginal mines.
• Acid mine drainage threatens to make mines on the Witwatersrand unusable.
• Further downgrades by ratings agencies Moody, Fitch and Standard & Poor.
• Government intervention in mining.
• Rising operating and labour costs pose a severe threat to the sector’s profitability and long-term future.
• The risk of further labour unrest, strikes and violence could have a drastic effect on investor confidence, and could reduce gold production.
• Uncertain and unstable supply of electricity.

Outlook

The challenges the South African gold mining sector has faced over the years, including power constraints, labour unrest, rapidly escalating input costs and falling grades, are expected to continue. These problems will be compounded by weaker economic growth in China which will negatively affect commodity demand. However, the Chamber of Mines confirms that steady progress is being made with research into more modernised mining methods at depth which, if successful, will pave the way for the mining of some substantial, previously inaccessible deep-level deposits. This is a highly significant factor in improving and ensuring the future of the country’s gold mining sector. According to Chamber of Mines COO Roger Baxter, “Without doubt we face tremendous challenges in the short-term, but the industry is grappling with them. Obviously global conditions are not helping, but hopefully those conditions will improve. Meanwhile, we have to focus on the things that we can control. That’s what we are doing and we are doing it well.”

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		PAGE
1.	INTRODUCTION	1
2.	DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY	1
2.1.	Industry Supply Chain	2
2.2.	Geographic Position	3
3.	SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY	4
4.	STATE OF THE INDUSTRY	10
4.1.	Local	10
4.1.1.	Corporate Activity	12
4.1.2.	Regulations	13
4.1.3.	Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development	16
4.2.	Continental	17
4.3.	International	18
5.	INFLUENCING FACTORS	21
5.1.	Economic Environment	21
5.2.	Operating Costs	21
5.3.	Labour	22
5.4.	Mine Safety	25
5.5.	Power Supply and Price	26
5.6.	Legislation	26
5.7.	Illegal Mining	26
5.8.	Environmental Concerns	27
6.	COMPETITION	28
6.1.	Barriers to Entry	28
6.2.	Research and Development (R&D)	29
6.3.	Innovation	29
7.	SWOT ANALYSIS	30
8.	OUTLOOK	31
9.	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS	32
10.	REFERENCES	32
10.1.	Publications	32
10.2.	Websites	33
	ORGANOGRAM	34
	COMPANY PROFILES	36
	AngloGold Ashanti Ltd	36
	DRDGold Ltd	41
	Ergo Mining Operations (Pty) Ltd	44
	Giyani Gold Corporation	46
	Gold Fields Ltd	48
	Gold One International Ltd	52
	Goliath Gold Mining Ltd	54
	Harmony Gold Mining Company Ltd	56
	Oakbay Resources & Energy Ltd	61
	Pan African Resources Plc	64
	Rand Uranium (Pty) Ltd	66
	Shiva Uranium Ltd	68
	Sibanye Gold Ltd	70
	Village Main Reef Ltd	73

Introduction

This report focuses on diamond mining which has provided wealth to investors for over 150 years. According to Kitco Metals Inc. the estimated production of rough diamonds in 2013 was 130 million carats. This was up only 1% from the 2012 production which the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) estimated to be 128 million carats. The diamond mining industry reacts more severely than other mineral industries to market shifts because diamonds are non-essential and relatively highly priced. However, it is still subject to the same political and socio-economic factors as the mining industry in general and thus has been affected by the recent labour unrest and downturn in the South African economy.

Strengths

• South Africa has historically dominated the diamond mining industry, is still a world leader in many diamond mining techniques and has good mining infrastructure.
• South Africa has significant diamond reserves.
• South Africa has the only commercially viable offshore\ndiamond resources in the world, shared with Namibia.

Weaknesses

• Increased costs and danger of underground mining.
• Increasing loss of monopoly over the last few decades.
• Lack of development of the downstream industry, especially the rapid decrease in the number of cutters and polishers in the country.
• Lack of political and regulatory certainty.
• Tense and volatile labour relations.

Opportunities

• Export of mining expertise and technology, particularly to\nother African countries.
• Juniors can utilise their flexibility for prospecting, as many\nof the majors have consolidated their operations around\nproduction rather than exploration.
• Large diamond reserves in Africa, which may offer\nopportunities for joint ventures.
• Moving of DTC to Gaborone concentrates diamond buying\npower in southern Africa.

Threats

• General lack of investor confidence in South Africa.
• Increasing competition from Russia and India.
• Large diamond reserves in Africa, which might create competition for South Africa.
• Potential of synthetic diamonds to replace natural diamonds.
• Real or perceived possible use of South Africa as a diamond laundering facility which has led to a lack of confidence in the Kimberley Process.
• The subject of nationalising of mines comes up regularly in political discourse.

Outlook

The Marikana massacre as well as the breakdown between labour, business, and government has had a significant impact on investor confidence in South Africa, which along with increased costs and a period of decreased demand has negatively affected the local industry. However, Bain and Company predict that the global rough diamond demand is expected to grow between 4.2% and 6.4% over the next ten years. The latest data coming out of the USA and Europe suggests that markets are slowly making a recovery which bodes well for high value products. Market analysts predict that Africa will become a major producer of rough diamonds, as well as a significant retail market, over the next 20 to 30 years. The emerging middle class, as well as growth figures as high as 10% in some countries, means that astute companies will look to establish themselves in these countries to take advantage of the predicted boom.

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2025-05-22

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2020-06-01

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2018-08-13

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2017-11-01

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016-05-23

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-12-03

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The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-03-16

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		PAGE
1.	INTRODUCTION	1
2.	DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY	1
2.1.	Industry Supply Chain	2
3.	SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY	3
4.	STATE OF THE INDUSTRY	7
4.1.	Local	7
4.1.1.	Global Corporate Actions	8
4.1.2.	Regulations	8
4.1.3.	Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)	10
4.2.	Continental	11
4.3.	International	14
5.	INFLUENCING FACTORS	15
5.1.	Economic Environment	15
5.2.	Government Policy	16
5.3.	Government Support for Beneficiation	16
5.4.	Technology	17
5.5.	Labour Resources	17
5.5.1.	Labour Unrest	18
5.5.2.	Skills Shortages	18
5.5.3.	Training Initiatives	18
5.5.4.	Health Issues	18
5.6.	Environmental Concerns	19
5.7.	Power Supply Issues	19
6.	COMPETITION	19
6.1.	Barriers to Entry	19
6.2.	Research and Development (R&D)	20
6.3.	Innovation	20
7.	SWOT ANALYSIS	21
8.	OUTLOOK	21
9.	INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS	21
10.	REFERENCES	22
10.1.	Publications	22
10.2.	Websites	22
	ORGANOGRAM	23
	COMPANY PROFILES	24
	ALEXKOR SOC LTD	24
	DE BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES (PTY) LTD	26
	DIAMONDCORP PLC	28
	DMI DIAMONDS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	30
	DMI MINERALS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD	31
	MWANA AFRICA HOLDINGS (PTY) LTD	32
	NAMAKWA DIAMOND HOLDINGS (PTY) LTD	34
	PETRA DIAMONDS LTD	35
	ROCKWELL DIAMONDS INC	37
	THABEX LTD	39
	TRANS HEX GROUP LTD	41

Mining Precious Metals Minerals South Africa

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2025

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2020

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2018

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2017

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014

Report Info

Report Coverage

Introduction

Trends

Opportunities

Challenges

Outlook

Full Report Country or Region-specific industry reports on 400 + key industries across the African continent identifying supply chain, influencing factors, SWOT and other key industry drivers. Full Industry reports also profile all major players operating in the industry.

Industry Landscape Country or Region-specific industry reports on 400 + key industries across the African continent identifying supply chain, influencing factors, SWOT and other key industry drivers. The Overview reports do not include profiles of major players.

Historical Reports

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2020-06-01

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2018-08-13

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2017-11-01

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016-05-23

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-12-03

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-03-16

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014-06-23

Table of Contents

Report Coverage

Introduction

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

Outlook

Full Report Country or Region-specific industry reports on 400 + key industries across the African continent identifying supply chain, influencing factors, SWOT and other key industry drivers. Full Industry reports also profile all major players operating in the industry.

Industry Landscape Country or Region-specific industry reports on 400 + key industries across the African continent identifying supply chain, influencing factors, SWOT and other key industry drivers. The Overview reports do not include profiles of major players.

Historical Reports

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2025-05-22

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2018-08-13

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2017-11-01

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016-05-23

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-12-03

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-03-16

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014-06-23

Table of Contents

Report Coverage

Introduction

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

Outlook

Full Report Country or Region-specific industry reports on 400 + key industries across the African continent identifying supply chain, influencing factors, SWOT and other key industry drivers. Full Industry reports also profile all major players operating in the industry.

Industry Landscape Country or Region-specific industry reports on 400 + key industries across the African continent identifying supply chain, influencing factors, SWOT and other key industry drivers. The Overview reports do not include profiles of major players.

Historical Reports

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2025-05-22

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2020-06-01

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2017-11-01

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016-05-23

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-12-03

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-03-16

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014-06-23

Table of Contents

Report Coverage

Introduction

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

Outlook

Full Report Country or Region-specific industry reports on 400 + key industries across the African continent identifying supply chain, influencing factors, SWOT and other key industry drivers. Full Industry reports also profile all major players operating in the industry.

Industry Landscape Country or Region-specific industry reports on 400 + key industries across the African continent identifying supply chain, influencing factors, SWOT and other key industry drivers. The Overview reports do not include profiles of major players.

Historical Reports

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2025-05-22

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2020-06-01

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2018-08-13

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2016-05-23

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-12-03

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2015-03-16

The Mining of Precious Metals and Minerals in South Africa 2014-06-23

Full Report

Industry Landscape

Full Report

Industry Landscape

Full Report

Industry Landscape

Full Report

Industry Landscape

Full Report

Industry Landscape

Full Report

Industry Landscape

Full Report

Industry Landscape

Full Report

Industry Landscape