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Manufacture Dairy Products South Africa

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2021

Natalie Bryden | South Africa | 25 January 2021

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2019

Marc Bosman | South Africa | 10 April 2019

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2017

Marc Bosman | South Africa | 20 October 2017

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2016

Marc Bosman | South Africa | 11 March 2016

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2014

Brenda Young | South Africa | 21 October 2014

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Report Coverage

This report focuses on the manufacture of dairy products in South Africa and includes information on the volume of products sold and market share per product, developments, trends and corporate actions, regulation and other influencing factors. There are profiles of 32 companies including dominant companies such as Clover, Woodlands and Lactalis and relatively small dairy processors that distribute regionally such as Douglasdale and Coega Dairy.

Manufacture of Dairy Products

There has been considerable consolidation in the dairy industry at production level over the last 20 years, and large farms account for 80% of South Africa’s total milk production. Rising production costs, imports, less producers, drought, changing consumer preferences, regulation and competition from international companies have created challenges, especially for small producers. While the number of milk producers has continued to decline, milk production has increased, indicating fewer commercial farms with larger herds. Large farms producing more than 5,000 litres per day supply 80% of South Africa’s total milk production.

Changes in Consumption

Some consumers are shifting to dairy products with low levels of lactose and sugar due to rising health concerns, and there is increasing demand for plant-based products. Consumers are driving innovation in dairy products such as protein and extended shelf life beverages, gut-health innovation using probiotics and fermented dairy drinks and new flavours and texture-enhanced products.

Coronavirus

As fresh milk is highly perishable, the dairy industry was hard hit by the crisis. There was a sharp decline in demand for certain dairy products such as cheese as the initial lockdown included the closure of restaurants and hotels. The decline was partly offset by increased household sales of dairy products with a longer shelf-life, such as UHT milk. Disruptions in the milk supply chain prevented some smaller dairy farmers from getting their milk to market.

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The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2021

Full Report

R 6 500.00(ZAR) estimated $348.71 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 4 550.00(ZAR) estimated $ 244.10 (USD)*

Industry Organogram

R 450.00(ZAR) estimated $ 24.14 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2019-04-10

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

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The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2017-10-20

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

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The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2016-03-11

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

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The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2014-10-21

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

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Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Industry Value Chain 2
2.2. Geographic Position 3
3. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY 3
4. STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 8
4.1. Local 8
4.1.1. Trends 11
4.1.2. Developments 12
4.1.3. Corporate Actions 13
4.1.4. Regulations 13
4.1.5. Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development 16
4.2. Continental 17
4.3. International 21
5. INFLUENCING FACTORS 25
5.1. Coronavirus 25
5.2. Government Intervention 26
5.3. Economic Environment 28
5.4. Rising Operating Costs 29
5.5. Utilisation 29
5.6. Labour 30
5.7. Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation 32
5.8. Cyclicality 33
5.9. Environmental Concerns 34
6. COMPETITION 36
6.1. Barriers to Entry 36
7. SWOT ANALYSIS 37
8. OUTLOOK 38
9. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 38
10. REFERENCES 39
10.1. Publications 39
10.2. Websites 39
APPENDIX 1 41
Summary of Notable Players 41
COMPANY PROFILES 45
BANDINI CHEESE (PTY) LTD 45
CLOVER SA (PTY) LTD 47
COEGA DAIRY (PTY) LTD 52
DANONE SOUTHERN AFRICA (PTY) LTD 54
DARLING ROMERY (PTY) LTD 56
DENMAR ESTATES (PTY) LTD 58
DEWFRESH (PTY) LTD 60
DOUGLASDALE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 62
DWR HERTZOG 65
FAIR CAPE DAIRIES (PTY) LTD 67
FAIRFIELD DAIRY (PTY) LTD 70
FAR END DAIRY (PTY) LTD 72
FARMGATE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 74
FRONERI SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 76
GATTIS ICE CREAM (PTY) LTD 78
LA MONTANARA MELKERY (PTY) LTD 80
LACTALIS SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 82
LADISMITH CHEESE COMPANY (PTY) LTD 85
LIBSTAR OPERATIONS (PTY) LTD 87
MOOIVALLEI SUIWEL (PTY) LTD 92
MOUNTAINVIEW DAIRY CC 94
NESTLE (SOUTH AFRICA) (PTY) LTD 96
ORANGE GROVE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 100
POLAR ICE CREAM COMPANY (PTY) LTD 102
RHODES FOOD GROUP (PTY) LTD 104
SUNDALE FREE RANGE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 109
TRADEMODEL SEVEN (PTY) LTD 111
TRANSEM (PTY) LTD 113
UNILEVER SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 115
UNIQUE DAIRY PRODUCTS (PTY) LTD 118
WOODLANDS DAIRY (PTY) LTD 121
WYNN-WITH MILK FARM (PTY) LTD 125

Report Coverage

This report focuses on the South African manufacture of dairy products. It describes the producers and processors across a range of products and the factors influencing their success. There are comprehensive profiles of 34 notable industry players. These include the Coega, Sundale and Woodland dairies in the Eastern Cape, where milk production has more than doubled since 2005, making it the top milk-producing province. Profiles of ice cream makers include those of Froneri (Dairymaid), Gattis and Unique Dairy Products. Companies involved in recent corporate action including Ladismith Cheese Company, which was bought by Sea Harvest in August 2018 for R537m and Clover, which has received a buyout offer from Israeli-owned International Beer Breweries, valuing Clover at R4.8bn, are also profiled.

Manufacture of Dairy Products

Volumes of raw milk and other dairy products grew in 2017 and 2018 after five years of challenges including continuous decline in demand, contraction in producer numbers, low producer prices, shrinking margins and growing competition from within the sector and other beverage industries. Raw milk production increased by 2.7% in 2017 and almost 4% in 2018. Sales of UHT (long-life) milk, fermented milk product maas and packaged cheese grew strongly, but sales of butter and yoghurt declined due to high prices.

Industry Concerns

Rising UHT milk imports are a concern to the industry which may approach the International Trade Administration Commission (Itac) for trade protection and tariff dispensation. The industry expects better balance in supply and demand, locally and globally, in 2019, with tightening supply leading to improved producer prices. Rising input costs such as electricity, fuel, fertiliser, feed costs, machinery and equipment and packaging are affecting producers in the sector. While consumption of fresh milk is fairly stagnant or declining in developing countries, there is an increase in demand for products such as butter, cheese, yoghurt, whey, milk powders and dairy desserts.

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The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2019

Full Report

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 1 330.00(ZAR) estimated $ 71.35 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2021-01-25

R 6 500.00(ZAR) estimated $348.71 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2017-10-20

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2016-03-11

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2014-10-21

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Industry Value Chain 3
2.2. Geographic Position 4
3. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY 5
4. STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 11
4.1. Local 11
4.1.1. Corporate Actions 13
4.1.2. Regulations 14
4.1.3. Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development 17
4.2. Continental 19
4.3. International 23
5. INFLUENCING FACTORS 27
5.1. Government Intervention 27
5.2. Economic Environment 28
5.3. Rising Operating Costs 28
5.4. Consumer Trends 30
5.5. Labour 31
5.6. Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation 34
5.7. Cyclicality 37
5.8. Environmental Concerns 39
6. COMPETITION 41
6.1. Barriers to Entry 43
7. SWOT ANALYSIS 43
8. OUTLOOK 44
9. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 45
10. REFERENCES 45
10.1. Publications 45
10.2. Websites 46
APPENDIX 1 48
Summary of Notable Players 48
COMPANY PROFILES 52
BANDINI CHEESE (PTY) LTD 52
CLOVER SA (PTY) LTD 54
COEGA DAIRY (PTY) LTD 59
DANONE SOUTHERN AFRICA (PTY) LTD 61
DARLING ROMERY (PTY) LTD 63
DENMAR ESTATES (PTY) LTD 65
DEWFRESH (PTY) LTD 67
DOUGLASDALE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 69
DWR HERTZOG 72
FAIR CAPE DAIRIES (PTY) LTD 74
FAIRFIELD DAIRY (PTY) LTD 77
FAR END DAIRY (PTY) LTD 79
FARMGATE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 81
FRONERI SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 83
GATTIS ICE CREAM (PTY) LTD 85
LA MONTANARA MELKERY (PTY) LTD 87
LADISMITH CHEESE COMPANY (PTY) LTD 89
LIBSTAR OPERATIONS (PTY) LTD 91
MOOIVALLEI SUIWEL (PTY) LTD 97
MOUNTAINVIEW DAIRY CC 99
NESTLE (SOUTH AFRICA) (PTY) LTD 101
ORANGE GROVE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 105
PARMALAT SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 107
POLAR ICE CREAM COMPANY (PTY) LTD 109
RHODES FOOD GROUP (PTY) LTD 111
SUNDALE FREE RANGE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 116
TRADEMODEL SEVEN (PTY) LTD 118
TRANSEM (PTY) LTD 120
UNILEVER SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 122
UNIQUE DAIRY PRODUCTS (PTY) LTD 125
WESMELK MELKERY (PTY) LTD 127
WJ KHOURIE 129
WOODLANDS DAIRY (PTY) LTD 130
WYNN-WITH MILK FARM (PTY) LTD 134

Report Coverage

The Manufacture of Dairy Products describes current conditions and the actions taken by role players to ensure sustainability in their operations. Detailed statistics regarding the size of the sector and profiles for 40 companies are provided. These include large dairy processor, Clover which has altered the low margin volume driven milk business through the creation of Dairy Farmers South Africa (DFSA), and Unilever South Africa (Pty) Ltd, which has had to deal with the impact of the global consumer move from margarine to butter. Also profiled are three dairies based in the Eastern Cape, which has become the top milk-producing province with 30.6% market share: Coega Dairy (Pty) Ltd; Sundale Free Range Dairy (Pty) Ltd; and Woodlands Dairy (Pty) Ltd. Between them these three dairies employ more than 2,000 people.

The Manufacture of Dairy Products

The dairy market is divided into 63% liquid, that is milk in all its various forms and flavours, and 37% concentrated products produced by the secondary industry. The South African dairy sector has experienced a decline in most segments of the value chain over the last two years. Milk Producers earned R14bn in 2015/2016, which is 6.6% less than the previous year, and their numbers decreased from 1,683 in January 2016 to 1,593 in January 2017.

Challenging Times

Industry players at all levels of the value chain face threats, which include changing consumer dietary preferences, regulatory changes and increasing competition and imports. Problems have also arisen from the ongoing effects of the prolonged drought. These include stock losses due to reduced grazing, heat stress resulting in reduced milk output and poor conception rates, water shortages and lack of income to procure feed. Large player, Montic entered business rescue in November 2016 and the sector witnessed the demise of industry icon DairyBelle during June 2017 when the company liquidated the Bloemhof, North West Province factory.

Read More..
The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2017

Full Report

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 1 330.00(ZAR) estimated $ 71.35 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2021-01-25

R 6 500.00(ZAR) estimated $348.71 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2019-04-10

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2016-03-11

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2014-10-21

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Industry Value Chain 2
2.2. Geographic Position 3
3. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY 4
4. STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 15
4.1. Local 15
4.1.1. Corporate Actions 17
4.1.2. Regulations 19
4.1.3. Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development 21
4.2. Continental 22
4.3. International 25
5. INFLUENCING FACTORS 27
5.1. Government Intervention 27
5.2. Economic Environment 28
5.3. Rising Operating Costs 28
5.4. Consumer Trends 29
5.5. Labour 30
5.6. Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation 33
5.7. Cyclicality 34
5.8. Environmental Concerns 35
6. COMPETITION 37
6.1. Barriers to Entry 38
7. SWOT ANALYSIS 38
8. OUTLOOK 39
9. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 39
10. REFERENCES 40
10.1. Publications 40
10.2. Websites 41
COMPANY PROFILES 43
BANDINI CHEESE (PTY) LTD 43
CLOVER MILKYWAY (PTY) LTD 45
CLOVER SA (PTY) LTD 47
COEGA DAIRY (PTY) LTD 51
Dairy Day (Pty) Ltd 53
DANONE SOUTHERN AFRICA (PTY) LTD 55
DARLING ROMERY (PTY) LTD 57
DENMAR ESTATES (PTY) LTD 59
DEWFRESH (PTY) LTD 61
DOUGLASDALE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 63
DWR HERTZOG 66
FAIR CAPE DAIRIES (PTY) LTD 68
FAIRFIELD DAIRY (PTY) LTD 70
FAR END DAIRY (PTY) LTD 72
FARMGATE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 74
FRONERI SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 76
GATTIS ICE CREAM (PTY) LTD 78
HOMSEK (PTY) LTD 80
HONEYDEW DAIRIES (PTY) LTD 82
LA MONTANARA MELKERY (PTY) LTD 84
LADISMITH CHEESE COMPANY (PTY) LTD 86
LAITCO DAIRIES (PTY) LTD 88
LIBSTAR OPERATIONS (PTY) LTD 89
MOOIVALLEI SUIWEL (PTY) LTD 94
MOUNTAINVIEW DAIRY CC 96
NESTLE (SOUTH AFRICA) (PTY) LTD 97
ORANGE GROVE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 101
PARMALAT SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 103
POLAR ICE CREAM COMPANY (PTY) LTD 106
RHODES FOOD GROUP (PTY) LTD 108
SONNENDAL DAIRIES (PTY) LTD 112
SUNDALE FREE RANGE DAIRY (PTY) LTD 114
TRADEMODEL SEVEN (PTY) LTD 116
TRANSEM (PTY) LTD 118
UNILEVER SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD 119
UNIQUE DAIRY PRODUCTS (PTY) LTD 122
WESMELK MELKERY (PTY) LTD 124
WJ KHOURIE 126
WOODLANDS DAIRY (PTY) LTD 127
WYNN-WITH MILK FARM (PTY) LTD 131

Report Coverage

The Manufacture of Dairy Products discusses the dairy sector in South Africa, highlighting current conditions and factors influencing the success of the sector. In the report 38 eight industry players are profiled, including the top four dairy market leaders: Clover which has 26% of the market; Lactalis, known as Parmalat; Unilever; and Danone. Also profiled are smaller players such as Farmgate Dairy (Pty) Ltd based in KwaZulu-Natal which employs 60 people, and Western Cape processor, the Polar Ice Cream Company (Pty) Ltd t/a Kulfi.

The Manufacture of Dairy Products

This report focuses on the South African dairy product sector, an industry that is divided into a primary and a secondary sector. The primary industry consists of milk producers who own and operate dairy farms while the secondary industry consists of processors who produce the six categories of dairy products, Milk and Cream, Concentrated Milk, Buttermilk and Yoghurt, Whey, Butter and Oils, and Cheese. Processors range from a few larger processors of dairy products who operate nationally, a larger number of smaller processors who operate in specific areas, and a number of producer distributors (PDs) who sell their own produce directly to retailers and consumers. Annual fresh milk production generates revenue of R10bn and the annual market for dairy-based products exceeds R40bn.

Drought

Dairy milk production grew by 5.5% in 2015, the highest annual increase since 1983, in response to increasing demand as a result of the shortage of milk, lower feed prices, higher raw milk prices and favourable weather conditions. However, current drought conditions have resulted in agriculture being declared an emergency in five provinces. Although the extent of the impact of the drought on the dairy industry will only be fully realised as the year unfolds, milk production is declining, some dairy farmers have begun selling lactating cows and a shortage of feed is expected to last for at least the next year.

Read More..
The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2016

Full Report

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 1 330.00(ZAR) estimated $ 71.35 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2021-01-25

R 6 500.00(ZAR) estimated $348.71 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2019-04-10

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2017-10-20

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2014-10-21

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Industry Value Chain 2
2.2. Geographic Position 3
3. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY 4
4. STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 12
4.1. Local 12
4.1.1. Corporate Actions 16
4.1.2. Regulations 17
4.1.3. Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development 18
4.2. Continental 19
4.3. International 24
5. INFLUENCING FACTORS 26
5.1. Government Intervention 26
5.2. Labour 27
5.3. Economic Environment 29
5.4. Rising Input Costs 30
5.5. Cyclicality 32
5.6. Consumer Trends 33
5.7. Technology, Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation 33
5.8. Environmental Concerns 35
6. COMPETITION 36
6.1. Barriers to Entry 38
7. SWOT ANALYSIS 38
8. OUTLOOK 39
9. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 40
10. REFERENCES 40
10.1. Publications 40
10.2. Websites 42
COMPANY PROFILES 44
Bandini Cheese (Pty) Ltd 44
Clover Milkyway (Pty) Ltd 46
Clover SA (Pty) Ltd 48
Coega Dairy (Pty) Ltd 52
DairyBelle (Pty) Ltd 54
Danone Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd 56
Darling Romery (Pty) Ltd 59
Denmar Estates (Pty) Ltd 61
Dewfresh (Pty) Ltd 63
Douglasdale Dairy (Pty) Ltd 65
DWR Hertzog 67
Fair Cape Dairies (Pty) Ltd 69
Fairfield Dairy (Pty) Ltd 71
Farmgate Dairy (Pty) Ltd 73
Gattis Ice Cream (Pty) Ltd 75
Homsek (Pty) Ltd 77
Homsek Ultra (Pty) Ltd 79
Honeydew Dairies (Pty) Ltd 81
La Montanara Melkery (Pty) Ltd 83
Ladismith Cheese Company (Pty) Ltd 85
Laitco Dairies (Pty) Ltd 87
Libstar Operations (Pty) Ltd 89
Montic Dairy (Pty) Ltd 92
Mooivallei Suiwel (Pty) Ltd 94
Mountainview Dairy CC 96
Nestle (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd 98
Orange Grove Dairy (Pty) Ltd 101
Parmalat South Africa (Pty) Ltd 103
Polar Ice Cream Company (Pty) Ltd 106
Rhodes Food Group (Pty) Ltd 108
Sonnendal Dairies (Pty) Ltd 111
Sundale Free Range Dairy (Pty) Ltd 113
Trademodel Seven (Pty) Ltd 115
Transem (Pty) Ltd 117
Unilever South Africa (Pty) Ltd 119
Unique Dairy Products (Pty) Ltd 122
Wesmelk Melkery (Pty) Ltd 124
Woodlands Dairy (Pty) Ltd 125
Wynn-With Milk Farm (Pty) Ltd 128

Extract

Demand for dairy products shows positive growth with the exception being fresh milk...

Description

This report focuses on the manufacture of dairy products. The production of fresh milk generates R10bn in revenue each year and the annual market for dairy-based products is approximately R40bn. Over the years the number of milk producers in South Africa has decreased by 53% from 4,184 in 2006 to 1,961 in 2014.

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2014

Full Report

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

Industry Overview

R 1 330.00(ZAR) estimated $ 71.35 (USD)*

Industry Organogram

R 450.00(ZAR) estimated $ 24.14 (USD)*

Historical Reports

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2021-01-25

R 6 500.00(ZAR) estimated $348.71 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2019-04-10

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2017-10-20

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

The Manufacture of Dairy Products in South Africa 2016-03-11

R 1 900.00(ZAR) estimated $101.93 (USD)*

View Report Add to Cart

Table of Contents

[ Close ]
PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY 1
2.1. Industry Supply Chain 2
2.2. Geographic Position 3
3. SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY 4
4. STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 7
4.1. Local 7
4.1.1. Corporate Actions 10
4.1.2. Regulations & Government Trade Agreements 11
4.1.3. Enterprise Development and Social Economic Development 12
4.2. Continental 14
4.3. International 15
5. INFLUENCING FACTORS 16
5.1. Economic Environment 16
5.2. Rising Input Costs 17
5.3. Supply Chain Optimisation 17
5.4. Consumer Trends 17
5.5. Labour 18
5.6. Land Reform Policy 19
5.7. Cyclicality 19
5.8. Information Technology 19
5.9. Technology 20
5.10. Environmental Concerns 20
6. COMPETITION 21
6.1. Barriers to Entry 21
6.2. Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation 22
7. SWOT ANALYSIS 22
8. OUTLOOK 23
9. INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS 23
10. REFERENCES 24
10.1. Publications 24
10.2. Websites 24
APPENDIX 1 26
Summary of Major Players in the Industry 26